Monsoon Effects on Chlorophyll-a, Sea Surface Temperature, and Ekman Dynamics Variability along the Southern Coast of Lesser Sunda Islands and Its Relation to ENSO and IOD Based on Satellite Observations

The Asian–Australian Monsoon (AAM), the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) have been known to induce variability in ocean surface characteristics along southern coast of Lesser Sunda Island (LSI). However, previous studies used low spatial resolution data little Ekman dynamics analysis. This study aims investigate direct influence AAM winds on conditions determine how ENSO IOD affect depth with higher data. In addition, is also described inconsistent relationship between wind sea temperature (SST) four different areas. results indicate that persistent southeasterly are likely SST chlorophyll-a blooms. Based interannual variability, positive (up 0.5 mg m−3) negative (reaching −1.5 °C) anomalies observed Nino 2015 coincide +IOD, which corroborates stress Mass Transport (EMT) anomalies. contrast, La Nina 2010 coincides -IOD, (more than 1.5 °C −0.5 m−3 respectively) were observed. Furthermore, we found Java Bali a generated mechanism controls variability.